Male Fertility Before and After Androgen Abuse
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Male Fertility Before and After Androgen Abuse. / Windfeld-Mathiasen, Josefine; Dalhoff, Kim Peder; Andersen, Jon Trærup; Klemp, Marc; Horwitz, Anna; Horwitz, Henrik.
In: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, Vol. 106, No. 2, 2021, p. 442-449.Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Male Fertility Before and After Androgen Abuse
AU - Windfeld-Mathiasen, Josefine
AU - Dalhoff, Kim Peder
AU - Andersen, Jon Trærup
AU - Klemp, Marc
AU - Horwitz, Anna
AU - Horwitz, Henrik
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - PURPOSE: Previous research has found that male users of androgens are diagnosed approximately twice as often with infertility. We therefore set out to investigate the fertility in men using androgens. METHODS: The study included 545 males who tested positive for androgens in an anti-doping test program in Danish fitness centers during the period from January 3, 2006, to March 1, 2018. The confirmed androgen users were matched by birth year with 5450 male controls. We followed this cohort from 10 years prior to testing positive until the end of follow-up in May 2018. RESULTS: During the 10-year period prior to testing positive, the group of androgen users experienced a 26% lower fertility rate than the controls (rate ratio [RR] 0.74; 95% CI, 0.60-0.90; P = 0.0028). However, in the years following the doping sanction, they made a significant catch-up, and at completed follow-up the total fertility rate was only 7% lower than expected (RR 0.93, 95% CI, 0.84-1.03). The prevalence of assisted reproduction was 5.69% in the group of androgen users and 5.28% in the control group (P = 0.69). CONCLUSION: Androgen use was associated with a temporary decline in fertility and most androgen users achieved parenthood without any help from the health care system. Overall, the fertility rate and the prevalence of assisted reproduction among androgen users were close to those in the background population.
AB - PURPOSE: Previous research has found that male users of androgens are diagnosed approximately twice as often with infertility. We therefore set out to investigate the fertility in men using androgens. METHODS: The study included 545 males who tested positive for androgens in an anti-doping test program in Danish fitness centers during the period from January 3, 2006, to March 1, 2018. The confirmed androgen users were matched by birth year with 5450 male controls. We followed this cohort from 10 years prior to testing positive until the end of follow-up in May 2018. RESULTS: During the 10-year period prior to testing positive, the group of androgen users experienced a 26% lower fertility rate than the controls (rate ratio [RR] 0.74; 95% CI, 0.60-0.90; P = 0.0028). However, in the years following the doping sanction, they made a significant catch-up, and at completed follow-up the total fertility rate was only 7% lower than expected (RR 0.93, 95% CI, 0.84-1.03). The prevalence of assisted reproduction was 5.69% in the group of androgen users and 5.28% in the control group (P = 0.69). CONCLUSION: Androgen use was associated with a temporary decline in fertility and most androgen users achieved parenthood without any help from the health care system. Overall, the fertility rate and the prevalence of assisted reproduction among androgen users were close to those in the background population.
KW - anabolic steroids
KW - androgenic anabolic steroids
KW - assisted reproduction
KW - fertility
KW - infertility
U2 - 10.1210/clinem/dgaa837
DO - 10.1210/clinem/dgaa837
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 33196845
AN - SCOPUS:85100361007
VL - 106
SP - 442
EP - 449
JO - Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
JF - Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
SN - 0021-972X
IS - 2
ER -
ID: 256939212