The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) give aid to Africa a new emphasis. Yet aid flows to Africa have trended downward over the last decade, and as a consequence more Africans now live in poverty. This is especially true of Sub-Saharan Africa. Any progress towards the main MDG target of halving the number of people living in poverty clearly requires more aid. It also requires a better understanding of what drives aid volumes to Africa and precisely how these flows impact on African economies. This paper examines trends in official aid to Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa in particular, over the period 1960 to 2002, highlighting falls in aid since the early 1990s. It concludes with consideration of future challenges for aid to Africa.